By ALLEN FRAZIER

THE SUN HERALD • December 7, 2023

(Tribune News Service) — With nearly 300 ships, the U.S. Navy remains the unchallenged ruler of the seas, and over the decades has named several vessels after Mississippi places and people — such as the USS Biloxi.

Before World War II, the U.S. Navy was not the powerhouse it is today, especially as it was divided between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. With the onset of the war and the dissolution of regulations from the London Naval Conference, the U.S. Navy began expanding and ordering new ship designs to meet modern needs.

This included a line of Cleveland class light cruisers (CL). The Clevelands weighed in at nearly 12,000 tons and measured 610 feet, 1 inch in height, 66 feet, 4 inches in length, and 24 feet, 6 inches in width. The USS Biloxi (CL-80) was the 20th Cleveland class ordered and remains the only ship named after the city of Biloxi.

The ship was laid down on July 9, 1941, in Newport News, Va., just a few months before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. On Feb. 23, 1943, the USS Biloxi was launched for the first time.

Although wartime restrictions limited the scale of celebrations, the event was attended Louis Braun, Biloxi’s mayor from 1936 to 1942, and his wife, Katharine G. Braun, who sponsored the ship by breaking a bottle of champagne on the ship’s side.

“I feel highly honored and humbly proud to be the sponsor of a ship in the Navy,” Mrs. Braun said.

The Biloxi was finished on Aug. 31 of that year but remained in port until Sept. 17 as 1,285 officers and enlisted sailors received orders to crew the ship. They commenced training in the Chesapeake Bay over the following weeks before sailing through the Panama Canal into the Pacific Ocean in November.

Arriving in San Francisco in early December, the Biloxi was ordered to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, to join Cruiser Division 13 of the Pacific Fleet.

The USS Biloxi in WWII

The Biloxi encountered combat for the first time during the Marshall Islands Campaign, participating in the bombardments of Wotje and Roi Islands. Japanese coastal guns returned fire, with shells striking within a few meters of the Biloxi. One shell even hit the superstructure but did not detonate.

The Biloxi then conducted escort duties and shore bombardments of enemy islands in the Marianas from February to June 1944. Throughout this tour, the Biloxi successfully repelled numerous enemy aircraft, safeguarding the U.S. Navy’s vital aircraft carriers.

During the night of June 19, 1944, the Biloxi took part in the Battle of the Philippine Sea, shooting down several Japanese planes and rescuing downed American pilots from the ocean.

Upon arriving in the Philippines in mid-October, the Biloxi found itself taking part in the largest naval battle in history, the Battle of Leyte-Gulf. In this massive engagement, the Biloxi, alongside two other cruisers, managed to sink the Japanese destroyer Nowaki while fending off relentless Kamikaze attacks.

According to Naval History and Heritage Command, the Biloxi is further credited with the sinking of the Japanese Destroyer Matsu and the Ryuko Maru on Aug. 4, 1944. Remarkably, the very next morning, a Japanese torpedo exploded alongside the Biloxi, though causing no damages.

Just two months later, the fleet encountered a massive typhoon that severely damaged the Biloxi and sank three other American ships. Following an extensive search for survivors, the Biloxi returned to port for repairs.

Before the massive American landing on Iwo Jima on Feb. 19, 1945, the Biloxi and several other ships conducted extensive bombardments of Tokyo and surrounding airfields. They then arrived at Iwo Jima and initiated a prolonged bombardment of the island. During the battle, one of Biloxi’s gun crews inadvertently struck another gun mount, resulting in injuries to several sailors.

After again bombarding Tokyo, the Biloxi turned toward Okinawa to prepare for the American landing that occurred in April 1945. During this operation, four Japanese kamikazes targeted the Biloxi, with three being successfully shot down. The fourth slammed into the cruiser’s side, though luckily, its 1,000-pound bomb failed to detonate.

During this time, the Biloxi was assigned as an escort for the aircraft carrier USS Franklin, which was hit by two Japanese bombs on March 19, 1945. As the Franklin began listing to the side, the Biloxi lowered its survival rafts down to the sailors in the water below. With support from other escort ships, the Biloxi successfully rescued almost 300 men from the water.

The Biloxi’s fate

The Biloxi escorted the Franklin back to port before returning to San Francisco for much-needed repairs after 16 months of constant combat. In July 1945, the Biloxi set sail once more with a brief stop in Hawaii for training and the firing of a few shells on Wake Island for gunnery practice.

The ship arrived in the Philippines on Aug. 14, 1945, and the crew received news of the atomic bombings and surrender of Japan the following morning. Despite the historic moment, there was little time for celebration as the crew sailed for Okinawa on Aug. 20 before being ordered to Nagasaki a few weeks later. The crew witnessed firsthand the devastating aftermath of the atomic bombings before collecting hundreds of Allied prisoners who had endured years of brutal captivity.

The Biloxi transported these men to Okinawa before sailing back to San Francisco, reaching its destination on Nov. 27, 1945. In May 1946, the ship was placed in reserve at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. In 1961, the Biloxi was officially struck from the Navy List. It was finally sold to and scrapped by the Puget Sound Towing & Barge Co. on March 29, 1962.

Despite its unceremonious fate, the USS Biloxi stood out as one of the most decorated Navy cruisers of World War II. It earned a remarkable nine battle stars after participating in every single major operation in the Pacific Theater. According to the city of Biloxi’s website, this is one of the longest tours of duty for any ship in WWII, leading to its nickname “Busy Bee.”

Official press releases from the war show that the ship, despite its close calls, never lost a single sailor in combat, which also earned it the moniker “Double Lucky.”

Although the ship itself was scrapped, the USS Biloxi’s superstructure now stands at Guice Park at Biloxi’s Small Craft Harbor on Highway 90 and its bell now resides in the lobby of the Biloxi Maritime and Seafood Museum.

(c)2023 The Sun Herald (Biloxi, Miss.)

Visit www.sunherald.com

Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

By ALLEN FRAZIER

THE SUN HERALD • December 7, 2023

(Tribune News Service) — With nearly 300 ships, the U.S. Navy remains the unchallenged ruler of the seas, and over the decades has named several vessels after Mississippi places and people — such as the USS Biloxi.

Before World War II, the U.S. Navy was not the powerhouse it is today, especially as it was divided between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. With the onset of the war and the dissolution of regulations from the London Naval Conference, the U.S. Navy began expanding and ordering new ship designs to meet modern needs.

This included a line of Cleveland class light cruisers (CL). The Clevelands weighed in at nearly 12,000 tons and measured 610 feet, 1 inch in height, 66 feet, 4 inches in length, and 24 feet, 6 inches in width. The USS Biloxi (CL-80) was the 20th Cleveland class ordered and remains the only ship named after the city of Biloxi.

The ship was laid down on July 9, 1941, in Newport News, Va., just a few months before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. On Feb. 23, 1943, the USS Biloxi was launched for the first time.

Although wartime restrictions limited the scale of celebrations, the event was attended Louis Braun, Biloxi’s mayor from 1936 to 1942, and his wife, Katharine G. Braun, who sponsored the ship by breaking a bottle of champagne on the ship’s side.

“I feel highly honored and humbly proud to be the sponsor of a ship in the Navy,” Mrs. Braun said.

The Biloxi was finished on Aug. 31 of that year but remained in port until Sept. 17 as 1,285 officers and enlisted sailors received orders to crew the ship. They commenced training in the Chesapeake Bay over the following weeks before sailing through the Panama Canal into the Pacific Ocean in November.

Arriving in San Francisco in early December, the Biloxi was ordered to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, to join Cruiser Division 13 of the Pacific Fleet.

The USS Biloxi in WWII

The Biloxi encountered combat for the first time during the Marshall Islands Campaign, participating in the bombardments of Wotje and Roi Islands. Japanese coastal guns returned fire, with shells striking within a few meters of the Biloxi. One shell even hit the superstructure but did not detonate.

The Biloxi then conducted escort duties and shore bombardments of enemy islands in the Marianas from February to June 1944. Throughout this tour, the Biloxi successfully repelled numerous enemy aircraft, safeguarding the U.S. Navy’s vital aircraft carriers.

During the night of June 19, 1944, the Biloxi took part in the Battle of the Philippine Sea, shooting down several Japanese planes and rescuing downed American pilots from the ocean.

Upon arriving in the Philippines in mid-October, the Biloxi found itself taking part in the largest naval battle in history, the Battle of Leyte-Gulf. In this massive engagement, the Biloxi, alongside two other cruisers, managed to sink the Japanese destroyer Nowaki while fending off relentless Kamikaze attacks.

According to Naval History and Heritage Command, the Biloxi is further credited with the sinking of the Japanese Destroyer Matsu and the Ryuko Maru on Aug. 4, 1944. Remarkably, the very next morning, a Japanese torpedo exploded alongside the Biloxi, though causing no damages.

Just two months later, the fleet encountered a massive typhoon that severely damaged the Biloxi and sank three other American ships. Following an extensive search for survivors, the Biloxi returned to port for repairs.

Before the massive American landing on Iwo Jima on Feb. 19, 1945, the Biloxi and several other ships conducted extensive bombardments of Tokyo and surrounding airfields. They then arrived at Iwo Jima and initiated a prolonged bombardment of the island. During the battle, one of Biloxi’s gun crews inadvertently struck another gun mount, resulting in injuries to several sailors.

After again bombarding Tokyo, the Biloxi turned toward Okinawa to prepare for the American landing that occurred in April 1945. During this operation, four Japanese kamikazes targeted the Biloxi, with three being successfully shot down. The fourth slammed into the cruiser’s side, though luckily, its 1,000-pound bomb failed to detonate.

During this time, the Biloxi was assigned as an escort for the aircraft carrier USS Franklin, which was hit by two Japanese bombs on March 19, 1945. As the Franklin began listing to the side, the Biloxi lowered its survival rafts down to the sailors in the water below. With support from other escort ships, the Biloxi successfully rescued almost 300 men from the water.

The Biloxi’s fate

The Biloxi escorted the Franklin back to port before returning to San Francisco for much-needed repairs after 16 months of constant combat. In July 1945, the Biloxi set sail once more with a brief stop in Hawaii for training and the firing of a few shells on Wake Island for gunnery practice.

The ship arrived in the Philippines on Aug. 14, 1945, and the crew received news of the atomic bombings and surrender of Japan the following morning. Despite the historic moment, there was little time for celebration as the crew sailed for Okinawa on Aug. 20 before being ordered to Nagasaki a few weeks later. The crew witnessed firsthand the devastating aftermath of the atomic bombings before collecting hundreds of Allied prisoners who had endured years of brutal captivity.

The Biloxi transported these men to Okinawa before sailing back to San Francisco, reaching its destination on Nov. 27, 1945. In May 1946, the ship was placed in reserve at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. In 1961, the Biloxi was officially struck from the Navy List. It was finally sold to and scrapped by the Puget Sound Towing & Barge Co. on March 29, 1962.

Despite its unceremonious fate, the USS Biloxi stood out as one of the most decorated Navy cruisers of World War II. It earned a remarkable nine battle stars after participating in every single major operation in the Pacific Theater. According to the city of Biloxi’s website, this is one of the longest tours of duty for any ship in WWII, leading to its nickname “Busy Bee.”

Official press releases from the war show that the ship, despite its close calls, never lost a single sailor in combat, which also earned it the moniker “Double Lucky.”

Although the ship itself was scrapped, the USS Biloxi’s superstructure now stands at Guice Park at Biloxi’s Small Craft Harbor on Highway 90 and its bell now resides in the lobby of the Biloxi Maritime and Seafood Museum.

(c)2023 The Sun Herald (Biloxi, Miss.)

Visit www.sunherald.com

Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

From our friends at SaveCulture.Org: Contact us today at SaveCulture.org

Oral History In Progress

The voices of our elders are our area’s true gems.

Filming Local History

No one else brings our local history to light like the Center for Cultural Preservation.

Telling Forgotten Stories That Matter

Many folks don’t realize that North Carolina was the first gold producing state in the United States. Between 1803 until 1838 it produced more gold than any other place in the country until 1849 when gold was discovered in California. Although most of this gold was found in the Piedmont, gold has been found throughout Western North Carolina.

Although there’s unlikely to be any great caches of gold in this region outside of the Biltmore Estates, perhaps the greatest gold mine in our community resides in the legacy of our region’s elders and the folkways that they left behind.  

One of the dreams I’ve had for years has been to make accessible the 500 or so oral histories I’ve collected not only in North Carolina, but throughout the South. Only a small fraction of these interviews ever make it to the final cut of my films, meaning that much of the treasures buried in the interviews with elders never see the light of day. What if ALL of these oral histories could be made available to the world? But it isn’t as simple as it sounds. To make such a treasure chest fully accessible to students, academics, history lovers and all of us, this interface would need to be searchable which requires some intense work by a web programmer, an IT expert and a team of transcribers in addition to editing each interview to be useable.

Fortunately, the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History of the University of Kentucky has created a web-based system that allows interviews to be synchronized with transcripts to bring rich repositories like ours to life. This application is mostly used by large universities that have IT departments that can handle the sophisticated coding and transcription involved. But our little ole cultural nonprofit, the Center for Cultural Preservation, based in Hendersonville has chosen to create this landmark program here in WNC.

To understand how valuable this archive truly is, here’s a sampling of what you will soon have access to:

Larry Ball, 7th generation Dana elder was a collector of WNC’s history. He collected small memorabilia but also locally produced tractors, corn stalk cutters, corn shellers and horse-drawn items and he rebuilt three 19th century wooden cabins on his property that were about to be demolished. He gives a tour of his treasures including his rebuilt country store and post office.

Effie Mae Russell discusses canning over an open fire and plowing her farm with oxen with her sister.

Rev. Bobby Hill Dr. discusses the rich African American world in Hendersonville and the racial hatred that surrounded him.

Jerry Wolfe, “Beloved Man” of the Eastern Band of Cherokee, discusses the rich resilient world of the Cherokee Indians.

These interviews include African American, Native American, Scots-Irish, Jewish communities among many others. These oral histories tell the story of the lives of the people whose sweat and tears rests in the soil and whose resilience and craftsmanship is a testament to the powerful interconnected lives that people lived over the generations, connected to the land, to their faith and to each other. You can become a cultural savior by supporting the Center’s work by helping us raise the $40,000 we still need to complete this work and get at least half our archive online by this time next year while we continue our legacy by making additional films.

You can make your tax deductible donation online HERE and earn a host of premiums from DVDs, our long-awaited Appalachian Storytelling Jewels Vol II, a paddling trip and more or you can mail your check to the Center for Cultural Preservation at PO Box 1066, Flat Rock, NC 28731. Thank you in advance for your support!

DONATE HERE

SPOTLIGHT ON A CENTER SPONSOR

Adept Word Management has been transcribing many of our oral histories for nearly a decade. In addition to high quality transcribing of anything from medical records to family histories, they also have translation services and do video captioning.

The Center highly recommends them for all your transcription needs! You can reach them HERE.

FOLLOW US

Questions? Contact us today at SaveCulture.org

From our friends at SaveCulture.Org: Contact us today at SaveCulture.org

Oral History In Progress

The voices of our elders are our area’s true gems.

Filming Local History

No one else brings our local history to light like the Center for Cultural Preservation.

Telling Forgotten Stories That Matter

Many folks don’t realize that North Carolina was the first gold producing state in the United States. Between 1803 until 1838 it produced more gold than any other place in the country until 1849 when gold was discovered in California. Although most of this gold was found in the Piedmont, gold has been found throughout Western North Carolina.

Although there’s unlikely to be any great caches of gold in this region outside of the Biltmore Estates, perhaps the greatest gold mine in our community resides in the legacy of our region’s elders and the folkways that they left behind.  

One of the dreams I’ve had for years has been to make accessible the 500 or so oral histories I’ve collected not only in North Carolina, but throughout the South. Only a small fraction of these interviews ever make it to the final cut of my films, meaning that much of the treasures buried in the interviews with elders never see the light of day. What if ALL of these oral histories could be made available to the world? But it isn’t as simple as it sounds. To make such a treasure chest fully accessible to students, academics, history lovers and all of us, this interface would need to be searchable which requires some intense work by a web programmer, an IT expert and a team of transcribers in addition to editing each interview to be useable.

Fortunately, the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History of the University of Kentucky has created a web-based system that allows interviews to be synchronized with transcripts to bring rich repositories like ours to life. This application is mostly used by large universities that have IT departments that can handle the sophisticated coding and transcription involved. But our little ole cultural nonprofit, the Center for Cultural Preservation, based in Hendersonville has chosen to create this landmark program here in WNC.

To understand how valuable this archive truly is, here’s a sampling of what you will soon have access to:

Larry Ball, 7th generation Dana elder was a collector of WNC’s history. He collected small memorabilia but also locally produced tractors, corn stalk cutters, corn shellers and horse-drawn items and he rebuilt three 19th century wooden cabins on his property that were about to be demolished. He gives a tour of his treasures including his rebuilt country store and post office.

Effie Mae Russell discusses canning over an open fire and plowing her farm with oxen with her sister.

Rev. Bobby Hill Dr. discusses the rich African American world in Hendersonville and the racial hatred that surrounded him.

Jerry Wolfe, “Beloved Man” of the Eastern Band of Cherokee, discusses the rich resilient world of the Cherokee Indians.

These interviews include African American, Native American, Scots-Irish, Jewish communities among many others. These oral histories tell the story of the lives of the people whose sweat and tears rests in the soil and whose resilience and craftsmanship is a testament to the powerful interconnected lives that people lived over the generations, connected to the land, to their faith and to each other. You can become a cultural savior by supporting the Center’s work by helping us raise the $40,000 we still need to complete this work and get at least half our archive online by this time next year while we continue our legacy by making additional films.

You can make your tax deductible donation online HERE and earn a host of premiums from DVDs, our long-awaited Appalachian Storytelling Jewels Vol II, a paddling trip and more or you can mail your check to the Center for Cultural Preservation at PO Box 1066, Flat Rock, NC 28731. Thank you in advance for your support!

DONATE HERE

SPOTLIGHT ON A CENTER SPONSOR

Adept Word Management has been transcribing many of our oral histories for nearly a decade. In addition to high quality transcribing of anything from medical records to family histories, they also have translation services and do video captioning.

The Center highly recommends them for all your transcription needs! You can reach them HERE.

FOLLOW US

Questions? Contact us today at SaveCulture.org