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Tom Cole Feb. 27, 2022Updated: Feb. 27, 2022 6:57 a.m.08/26/1959 – TSU law student Eldrewey Stearns speaks at Houston City Council Wednesday. He claims two HPD officers beat him after his arrest on traffic charges early Sunday. Houston Chronicle

One morning in 1984, while I was sitting with 30 UTMB medical students in a conference reviewing psychiatric cases, a man was brought down from his room on the locked hospital ward.

He was Black, about 50, wearing painter’s pants, and sporting salt and pepper hair. His name was Eldrewey Stearns. At first glance, Stearns seemed to be a disheveled, vulnerable and angry man whose life had unraveled under the stresses of poverty, racism, alcoholism and mental illness. Yet he sometimes spoke in learned, even eloquent phrases.

A member of the psychiatry faculty interviewed Stearns. For teaching purposes, he checked off the criteria for his diagnoses of bipolar disorder (manic depression) and alcoholism. During the interview, Stearns declared that he was the “original Texas integration leader,” and announced that he was writing his life story. Students rolled their eyes and Stearns was taken back to his room.

“What should we make of the patient’s story, his desire to write an autobiography?” I asked, indignant at the omission of the patient’s point of view. The room was silent, as if I hadn’t asked the question. There was many a day, even years later, when I struggled with that same question to the point of despair. How do we listen and learn from our elders when it’s not easy, when mental illness and painful histories of racism pile on to difficulties we may have communicating? Finding the answer seems so urgent now as the racial reckoning set in motion in 2020, after the murders of George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery and many others, has turned into an entrenched conflict over “critical race theory” and how history is taught. I can tell you the answer isn’t easy.

The day after that conference 25 years ago, I took the elevator up to the locked ward and asked to speak to Stearns. An aide brought him out to the common room, where Stearns looked at me with a fierce gleam in his eye. I introduced myself and said that I appreciated the chance to learn about him in the medical-student case conference. He told me that he had been invited there to lecture.

“It sounds like you have an important story to tell,” I said. “I’d like to help you get it down on paper.”

“I doubt you’re up to it,” he said.

Yet Stearns began coming to my office every week to work together on his autobiography. It soon became apparent that he could not write due to severe tremors, and that he could not formulate an outline or focus of his own. I did some background research and found that from 1960-63, he indeed was the militant student leader of the sit-in movement and a major player in the dismantling of Jim Crow in Houston.

Stearns, an Army veteran, was then a law student at Texas Southern University — brilliant, charismatic, erratic, filled with boundless energy and ambition. On March 4, 1960, he gathered about 15 neatly dressed students around the university’s flagpole. They sang the Star-Spangled Banner, marched to nearby Weingarten’s supermarket, sat down at the lunch counter and demanded to be served. So began the first sit-in protest west of the Mississippi.

Although students were trained in nonviolence, they were haunted by fear of white violence. Three days after the first sit-in, a 27-year-old Black man named Felton Turner, was captured near the site of the sit-in by masked whites, beaten and taken to a remote wooded area. They took him to a tree, hung him upside down, and carved two rows of KKK in his abdomen. Police never found his tormentors.

Over the next few months, Stearns and fellow students felt isolated and uncertain. One night Stearns and Curtis Graves called Martin Luther King, Jr. and asked him to come to Houston. King hesitated for a moment. “I’ll tell God about it,” was all he said before he hung up the phone, according to Stearns.

Behind the scenes, however, white and Black businessmen, and some political leaders, were quietly laying the groundwork for maintaining the peace and managing the process of desegregation. After the Felton Turner incident, for example, Chief of Police Carl Shuptrine assured TSU President Sam Nabrit that student protesters would be protected against violence.

The Weingarten’s sit-in marked the beginning of three years of unrelenting student protests against segregation in lunch counters, restaurants, hotels, movie theaters, sports venues, public transportation. White students joined the protests as well. By 1963, after three years of extensive strategizing, planning and protesting, these venues were mostly integrated. And Stearns — already seriously troubled and suffering from bipolar disease and alcoholism — began to unravel. He spent the next 20 years wandering around the country, in and out of jails and psychiatric hospitals, trying to resurrect his political career. But history had moved on.

Eldrewey Stearns was virtually unknown then, and the story of Houston’s desegregation had not been told. For over a year, we tried to piece together an autobiographical narrative of his life. I submitted a draft to the University of Texas Press, which rejected the autobiographical project but said they would publish it if I wrote it as a biography. This put Stearns in a difficult position, because it meant he would have to give me control over writing his life story. Stearns decided that he would have to trust me and gave me permission to write the book — on the conditions that he receive three-fourths of the advance and that I integrate his voice into the text. I agreed but told him that as a historian, I would have to do my own independent research and write about Houston’s desegregation and his role in it — and that I would have to write about his mental illness. He agreed, and so began a difficult journey that culminated in “No Color Is My Kind: Eldrewey Stearns and the Desegregation of Houston,” originally published in 1997 and recently released in a new edition in 2021.

For over a decade, I worked with Stearns, interviewing and trying to understand him, grasp his point of view, and piece the story of his life together. Ours was a confusing, tumultuous and emotionally difficult relationship, vastly complicated by issues of mental illness and race. At the outset, he refused to take his medication or return to see a psychiatrist. Yet he came to my office without fail every week. “I look forward to seeing you every Monday almost as the flowers want for rain,” he said in a hopeful moment. Yet after long experience working with him at moments of manic swings and psychotic breaks, I realized that I had to tell the story as I saw it, integrating his voice into the narrative, while using my own judgment and integrity as a historian, medical humanist, and writer.

My research into the civil rights movement in Houston was initially difficult as well. When I sought to interview former protesters and some members of the NAACP, I was told that this was not my story to tell, being white and from the Northeast. White businessmen, politicians and journalists were skeptical as well. But I gradually earned the trust of both Blacks and whites, who spoke freely with me.

But racial identity is complicated. Stearns and I were not simply “Black” and “white.” The title “No Color Is My Kind” is Stearns’ phrase and reflects the knowledge that he is descended from a multiracial ancestry — African slaves, Indigenous Americans, an Irish plantation owner and a German Jew. Nor did he see me as simply “white.” One afternoon, while driving to lunch with Greg Curtis, editor of Texas Monthly, I asked Stearns what he thought of a white man writing a book about a Black man. “You’re not white,” he answered. “You’re a Jew.”

What can my experience telling Stearns’s story teach us about the seemingly intractable problems we face today, not just in addressing injustices, but in our ability to even talk about them? Listening is hard work. It may take years. You may feel more wounded than healed. You may come away wiser, but the transcendent moment may elude you. Above all, you must listen with an open heart and be willing to push back against stereotypes of your racial identity as well as the identities of others.

Adept doesn’t have a YouTube page in the usual sense of the word. But we do host a video about Mr. Stearns. We welcome your comments and reactions.

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LofC Veteran’s History Project New Online Exhibit: Transcribed Correspondence Collections

March 29, 2022 by Megan Harris

Part of the suite of interpretive resources released earlier this month focusing on letters in the VHP archive, this online exhibit came to life a bit differently than others on our list.

LC staff member Candace Milburn at her bedroom work station during the Covid-19 pandemic, June 2020. Photo courtesy of Candace Milburn.

In the spring of 2020, Library of Congress staff members left our Capitol Hill campus to isolate at home due to COVID-19 safety protocols. For many of us, this transition to telework was a fairly easy process. Once we worked out the kinks of remote connections and video conference etiquette, we could resume our normal day-to-day operations with just a few hiccups here and there. But for many others—those staffers whose work requires in-person access to collection materials—telework presented a huge challenge. How could these colleagues contribute to our mission-critical activities with little or no access to physical collections?

One of the many creative solutions to this problem was the establishment of VHP’s ongoing program of transcribing correspondence collections. Transcription is such a laborious process that up until recently, VHP has not had the time or resources to transcribe collection materials (whether they are manuscripts or oral histories). While VHP has a vast array of digitized letter collections in our archive, prior to the pandemic, very few of them featured transcripts.

Rare though they are, transcripts can be a lifesaver for researchers and those interested in reading correspondence collections, exponentially increasing the accessibility of the contents. Anyone who has squinted their eyes trying to decipher a vintage letter knows how hard it can be to interpret handwritten material. Our modern eyes are accustomed to reading typewritten or printed words, and not those written in cursive script. In the case of VHP materials, many of the letters in our archive were written under less-than-ideal conditions, often making them even harder to read. Servicemen and women would frequently compose their correspondence in foxholes and leaky tents, aboard trains and tempest-tossed ships—and their handwritten letters sometimes reflect these rough conditions. Add to it the inherent degradation of decades of wear and tear, and it’s a wonder that these letters are legible at all!

Screenshot of a transcribed letter from the Ewing Miller II collection, showing the original letter beside the transcript. Ewing Miller II Collection, Veterans History Project, AFC2001/001/102421.

That’s why VHP’s pandemic transcription efforts have been so valuable. Over the last two years, staff members working from home have transcribed over 5,000 letters in over 50 different VHP collections. Many of these collections included hundreds of letters—the Andrew Del Regno Collection almost 600! We chose nine of these collections to include in Line by Line, to offer readers a taste of what transcribed collections have to offer.

On each veteran’s digitized collection page, the transcripts are situated alongside the original letters; readers can view the original letter while simultaneously reading through the transcript. This mode of presentation maintains the integrity and distinctiveness of the original letter without demanding that the viewer stumble through deciphering each and every word. Having access to these side-by-side transcripts means that readers can focus on the contents of the letter rather than on interpreting the quirks of a veteran’s handwriting.

And the content of these letter collections is riveting: by turns poignant and heart-wrenching, humorous and eye-opening. You might chuckle over Edward Zahler’s jocular exchanges with his sister, and glimpse his anxiety over the fate of his kid brother, Donald, who was also serving. Perhaps you’ll be drawn to John Carson’s dry wit, evident throughout his missives to his parents. Or you can take a look at Henry Walker McIver’s letters, which all begin with a detailed, evocative pen-and-ink sketch illustrating his text.

“Letter to Folks [March 10, 1944].” Henry Walker McIver Collection, Veterans History Project, Library of Congress, AFC2001/001/67942.

All of these letter collections illustrate the power of personal correspondence as a primary historical resource. Though they originally functioned as a means of reassuring loved ones and providing the writer with a momentary escape from the desolation of wartime conditions, these letters now personalize and contextualize larger historical events. You may think of D-Day a bit differently after reading Ellsworth Hill’s account of it in a letter to his family.

We hope you enjoy browsing through the featured collections, line by line. Many thanks to Tamika Brown, Yvonne Brown, Glenn Ferrara, Rachel Frederick, Jordan Kearschner, Laura Kells, Helen McNamara, Candace Milburn, Sarah Mitrani and Justina Moloney for all of their hard work in making these letter collections more accessible.

For more blog posts detailing VHP staff activities during the pandemic, see our blog series Working Together Apart, with posts authored by Tamika Brown, Yvonne Brown, Tracey Dodson, Andrew Huber, Candace Milburn, and Justina Moloney.

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From “Generation A” To “Zeitgeisty”: Over 200 New Words And Definitions Added To Dictionary.com

Published March 29, 2022

Homelessness

Accessibility

Disability

COVID

Climate And Environment

Social Sciences

Other Assorted Terms

by Nick Norlen, Research Editor, and Heather Bonikowski, Lexicographer

The latest update to Dictionary.com reflects our mission to help make sense of the world through words.

Of the hundreds of newly added terms, some define our times, notably those related to the ongoing COVID pandemic and climate emergency. Other updates cover important changes in how we talk about a vast range of topics, including disability, accessibility, homelessness, and countless aspects of culture.

The variety ranges from Generation A to zeitgeisty, from the timely (metaverse) to the old-timey (cheeseparing) to the timeline-bending (bootstrap paradox).

Our tireless team of lexicographers touched over 2,400 entries across our dictionary. Highlights include:

235 new entries
72 new definitions in existing entries
1,024 revised definitions

As you can see, this update consists of more than just newly added terms. We also added new definitions to existing entries, revised outdated definitions, and updated other content, such as pronunciations and etymologies. And remember: just because we just added a word to our dictionary doesn’t mean it’s brand new to the English language (in fact, many have been around for quite a while).

How do dictionaries work?

If you’re wondering why some words that get added to the dictionary aren’t necessarily new, read more about how dictionaries work and get answers to these questions and more:

How does a word get into the dictionary?

That word isn’t new. Why are you adding it now?

That’s not a word. Why is it in the dictionary?

I just created an awesome new word. How can I get it into the dictionary?

All that said, we’re well aware that it’s the newly added words that draw most of the attention and questions. Here are some of the terms that are likely to grab headlines and that you’ll probably start to encounter more and more.

Find out if you’ve been paying attention to the latest updates in the English language by taking the quiz on these new words.

Homelessness

If you haven’t yet, you’re likely to start encountering some of the newly added terms that are increasingly used in reference to people who lack stable housing. Each of these is often intended to convey a specific nuance of meaning:

unsheltered (Sometimes used in reference to people who sleep in cars or under overpasses, for example, but not people in temporary housing like shelters.)

unhoused, houseless (Both mean that a person lacks permanent housing, but may still be a member of a community that they call home—in which case the designation homeless is imprecise.)

Do these terms replace homeless?

The word homeless, as explained in the new usage note on that page, can be offensive or disparaging, especially when used collectively (the homeless), which can stigmatize or reinforce negative associations or assumptions, such as the pervasive notion that homelessness results from a stubborn refusal to work, or a substance or alcohol use disorder, for example. Such stereotypes ignore the many circumstances and factors that contribute to homelessness, including the high cost of housing, poverty, mental illness, domestic violence, and other forms of abuse.

It’s important to emphasize, though, that the term homeless is still widely used and even preferred as a term of self-identification among some people without stable housing.

Still, use of alternative terms is increasing among members of that community and by advocates who view those expressions as better able to convey the range of experiences that can be lumped together (and obscured) under the single term homeless. Some prefer unsheltered and unhoused because they frame homelessness not as a personal failing or defining characteristic, but rather as a condition, one that must be addressed through societal responsibility and policies.

Accessibility

As Dictionary.com Lexicographer Heather Bonikowski told Forbes recently, the increase in the availability of assistive technologies has brought with it an influx of terminology.

Here are some of the newly added terms related to accessibility tech:

That last term, closed caption, may sound familiar, but it’s a more recent noun form of closed-captioned. Closed-captioned is one of the existing entries whose definition was revised to reflect what it means today. Other updated entries include caption, CC, and subtitle.

You’re probably familiar with some of these terms, or at least the technologies they refer to. But the specific features of each type can differ and overlap—and capturing these distinctions and similarities is one of the challenges of defining these words.

Here’s a chart that breaks down the typical characteristics of each technology. It shows some of the nitty-gritty lexicographical research that goes into crafting definitions for such terms (which are certain to continue to evolve in meaning and use).

Disability

Among the many changes made to terms used in the context of disability was the addition of an important usage note for disability itself:

Disabled is a comprehensive umbrella term to describe people or communities of people who live with functional limitations in carrying out major life activities, such as walking, lifting, seeing, or learning. When should disabled be used to describe someone? First, in many cases, there is no need to mention disability; it is often not relevant to the information being conveyed. In most cases, when disabilities are mentioned, it is preferable to name the person’s specific physical or mental condition, like diabetes or traumatic brain injury. However, when addressing an issue that affects the larger community of people living with such functional limitations in daily activities, for example, when discussing accessibility in the workplace, disabled and disability are the appropriate terms.

Some people prefer person-first constructions like “a person with a disability” to emphasize the whole person, not defined exclusively by living with a disability. Others use identity-first language like “a disabled person” to center the disability as an important aspect of identity and push back on the presupposition that disability is inherently negative, unmentionable, or something to be politely ignored.

Following similar logic, the euphemisms “special,” “challenged,” “differently abled,” and “handicapable” are not recommended. The straightforward, simple, and descriptive term disabled is preferred.

The ongoing pandemic

After more than two years, COVID continues to change our lives and language in ways that will likely be long-lasting. Some new terms emerged during the pandemic. In other cases, existing terms became more established in mainstream use due to the influence of COVID on so many aspects of our lives. Many of the terms are examples of the evolving language of vaccination and masking, including:

In addition to these newly added terms, we’ve added new senses of existing terms, including:

In some cases, the addition of terms as a result of COVID was somewhat indirect. For example, we added nontaster and hypogeusia, which are both used in the context of COVID’s effects on smell and taste. These additions precipitated the addition of their opposites, supertaster and hypergeusia, which are not associated with COVID but nevertheless made sense to add in tandem.

Climate and environment

Climate change continues to change our planet and our lives in countless ways, including in the often overlapping contexts of science, personal behavior, politics, policy, activism, and tech innovations, all of which are sources of emerging terminology.

Chief among the terms we’ve added in this area is one that is now commonly used to capture the urgency of the issue:

climate emergency (the entry also notes the synonymous term climate crisis).

Our additions also reflect a focus on the extreme weather events driven by climate change—and the greater awareness and mainstream use of some of the technical terms used in studying and discussing them. Some of these include:

megadrought

mesovortex

We’ve also captured terms for other environmental issues becoming more prominent in mainstream consciousness, as well as some words related to energy technologies often cited in the discussion of climate change mitigation, including:

microplastics

overtourism

electrolyzer

The push to reduce the use of fossil fuels is often discussed in relation to the transportation industry, where many terms have emerged in relation to evolving technologies:

EV (electric vehicle)

HEV (hybrid electric vehicle)

PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle)

BEV (battery electric vehicle)

charging station

e-bike

micromobility

Here’s a chart to help visualize the overlap and differences between these terms for electric vehicles. We’ve included traditional gas-powered vehicles and bicycles as points of reference on the spectrum.

Social sciences

More than ever before, our everyday discussion of a wide range of issues features vocabulary initially used and developed by professionals and academics in fields like sociology, psychology, and race and gender studies. Of course, many of these terms are not at all new, but have been more recently adopted into (or are trending toward) mainstream use. Here are some of the terms we’re adding to the dictionary for the first time or whose definitions we’ve updated to reflect modern senses:

silo / siloed

compartmentalize / compartmentalization

hegemonic masculinity

Assorted Terms: Culture, Life, Everything Else

Here’s the thing about words: they’re used in literally every context. Our lexicographers take note of a vast span of topics, tracking terms that have become an established part of a subculture or that go on to make headlines or even enter mainstream awareness as “household words.” In this section, you’ll find entries as diverse as Generation A (the one after Gen Z), UAP (different than UFO), throuple (three + couple), chair yoga (yoga with a chair), and verklempt (yet another useful Yiddish word), as well as many, many others.

Of the hundreds of new terms and definitions we’ve added, here’s a group that stands out, among many other reasons, for its sheer variety. We’ve broken them down into categories, including:

Sports

Gaming

Pop culture

Leisure pursuits and wellness

Relationships

Beer

sour (as a noun)

Internet and online life

Words and names

And whatever category NFT (non-fungible token) falls under.

Along with NFT, new additions include several significant acronyms and abbreviations, including:

AAPI (Asian American and Pacific Islander)

BASL (Black American Sign Language)

UAP (unidentified aerial phenomenon; we also updated the entry for the distinct term UFO).

STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics—STEM that incorporates art)

We’ve even tackled a timeline-bending set of terms that see frequent use in sci-fi and pop culture discussion:

bootstrap paradox

causality paradox

grandfather paradox

predestination paradox

time paradox

Here are just a few miscellaneous examples that show how much variety our lexicographers have to tackle in terms of diversity of topics:

Generation A (the latest generation name)

verklempt, wabi-sabi (both borrowed from other languages and added due to their widespread currency in English)

cheeseparing (actually quite an old word, and not what it sounds like)

peak (the sense used in peak TV)

zeitgeisty (a slangy adjective variation of the noun zeitgeist)

Review our new additions and updates from recent years:

Summer 2021 Update

Spring 2021 Update

2020 Update

2020 Coronavirus Words Update

2020 Slang Update

2019 Update

How New Words Get Added To Dictionary.com—And How The Dictionary Works

What Is The Longest Palindrome In English?

WORD FACTS

Why MLK’s “I Have A Dream” Speech Is A Perfect Example Of Anaphora

HOLIDAYS

Where Do Christmas Words Like “Wassail” And “Sugarplum” Come From?

WORD FACTS

From the WaPo: The real reason Will Smith’s Oscars outburst was censored on U.S. broadcasts

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By Cristiano Lima

Happy Tuesday! Today’s top was reported with an assist from our ace business of entertainment reporter Steven Zeitchik.

The real reason Will Smith’s Oscars outburst was censored on U.S. broadcasts

Will Smith approaches and slaps Chris Rock onstage during the 94th Oscars at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood on March 27. (Robyn Beck/AFP)

After movie star Will Smith slapped comedian Chris Rock onstage during the Oscars late Sunday, people rushed to social media to see their confrontation in full.

That’s because immediately after the slap aired on U.S. broadcasts, sound was briefly cut off as Smith and Rock continued to trade words — marking one of the most high-profile instances of a broadcast being censored in recent U.S. history.

The decision to censor the altercation highlights the fiercely contested U.S. standards around indecent and profane material, which constantly loom over broadcasters when they decide whether to carry controversial segments, like this.

Social media users on Sunday quickly surfaced uncensored footage of the broadcast that appeared to run in full in other countries, including Australia and Japan, but not in the United States.

The clips show that after Smith slapped Rock for making a joke about Smith’s wife Jada Pinkett Smith, Rock quipped, “Wow. Will Smith just smacked the s— out of me.” After Smith sat back down in the audience, he shouted repeatedly at Rock, “Keep my wife’s name out your f—ing mouth.”

If U.S. broadcasters had carried the profanity-laced exchange, they could have run afoul of federal rules prohibiting “obscene, indecent and profane content from being broadcast on the radio or TV,” media law experts told The Technology 202.

Regulators ban the broadcasting of “obscene” material, which is treated more severely, 24 hours a day. But they only restrict broadcasters from airing “indecent” or “profane” material between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m., “when there is a reasonable risk that children may be in the audience,” according to the Federal Communications Commission.

While the exchange ran after 10 p.m. on the East Coast, it ran before the cutoff on the West Coast, which could have opened broadcasters up to liability.

The definitions of those terms have been subject to intense debate for decades and has spawned legal battles that have risen all the way up to the Supreme Court.

While the FCC has rarely punished broadcasters for violating the rules in recent years, American University law professor Victoria Phillips said the mere threat of a fine in the hundreds of thousands has led companies to police themselves, with the guidelines serving as “a constant bee in their bonnet.”

The FCC did not return a request for comment on whether it has received consumer complaints about the segment, or whether it is reviewing the matter.

An email request to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, which produces the Oscars, was not returned. ABC, the Academy’s long-term U.S. broadcasting partner, which has a strong say in production, declined to comment.

ABC creates a raw feed of the event which it sends globally for rights-holders around the world to air in accordance with their own precepts. The network then employs its own standards and practices department to bleep or cut away from moments it finds problematic in the United States, relying on a brief delay to do so, my colleague Steven Zeitchik reports for The Technology 202.

If run in full, the altercation may have tested a controversial FCC policy against what are known as “fleeting expletives” — vulgar words flung in an unscripted manner, including at live events like the Oscars.

In 2012, the Supreme Court ruled against the FCC’s “fleeting expletives” policy because it said the agency did not give broadcasters adequate notice of its rule change. But the court notably did not rule on the constitutionality of the policy itself, creating a legal gray area for regulators and broadcasters.

“Broadcasters deal with some ambiguity about whether fleeting expletives, like what Will Smith said, would result in a fine or not,” Duke University professor Philip Napoli said.

But Napoli argued that other factors play a strong role in these decisions, including concerns that airing such material could upset advertisers and consumers.

Phillips said the decision by U.S. broadcasters to censor expletives that ran in some other countries — right after airing the physical altercation between Smith and Rock in full — also speaks to Americans’ sensibilities about profanity and violence.

“Indecency guidelines have all been about sort of sexual, titillating provocative stuff, yet we see so much violence” on broadcast TV and radio, said Phillips, who previously served as an adviser at the FCC.

According to the FCC, profane content is considered “ ‘grossly offensive’ language that is considered a public nuisance,” while indecent content “portrays sexual or excretory organs or activities in a way that is patently offensive” but stops short of legal standards on obscenity.

Tim Winter, president of the Parents Television Media Council, applauded ABC for “doing a superb job at ensuring audiences did not hear profanity in the U.S. broadcast,” but called it “disappointing” that viewers, including younger ones, saw the physical altercation.

U.S. rules on indecent material only apply to things broadcast on TV or radio airwaves — not cable, streaming or social media. That means that while ABC could theoretically face fines for carrying such material, HBO, Netflix or YouTube could not.

“This notion of indecency is literally a category of speech, that from a legal standpoint, only really exists within the realm of broadcasting,” Napoli said.

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SE NECESITAN PARTICIPANTES LATINOAMERICANOS PARA APORTE GENÉTICO EN ESTUDIO SOBRE TOC

SE NECESITAN PARTICIPANTES LATINOAMERICANOS PARA APORTE GENÉTICO EN ESTUDIO SOBRE TOC

La mayoría de las investigaciones sobre el TOC representan casi exclusivamente a personas de ascendencia europea, lo que crea un sesgo en los hallazgos genéticos sobre el TOC.

La mayoría de las investigaciones sobre el TOC representan casi exclusivamente a personas de ascendencia europea, lo que crea un sesgo en los hallazgos genéticos sobre el TOC.

Baylor College of Medicine

Se necesitan participantes latinoamericanos para aporte genético en estudio sobre TOC

Comparte este artículo

El trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) es una condición psiquiátrica que afecta a entre el 1 y 2% de la población mundial. La evidencia muestra que la genética puede contribuir al diagnóstico de TOC, pero los investigadores todavía necesitan comprender mejor cuál es el rol de la genética en esta condición. La mayor parte de las investigaciones sobre el TOC representan casi exclusivamente a personas de ascendencia europea, lo cual crea un sesgo en los hallazgos genéticos sobre el TOC. Investigadores del Baylor College of Medicine y la University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill recibieron financiamiento de parte del Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental para abordar la falta de diversidad genética en los estudios sobre el TOC.

Un grupo de más de 50 sitios en 11 países pretende recolectar muestras de saliva para obtener datos de ADN de 5.000 personas de origen latino, hispano o brasileño (lo cual implica tener al menos un abuelo/a latino/a, hispano/a o brasileño/a) con TOC de entre 7 y 89 años. El proceso de reclutamiento de participantes para este estudio de cinco años está comenzando. Los sitios se encuentran ubicados en diferentes países:

· Perú

· México

· Ecuador

· Brasil

· Argentina

· Chile

· El Salvador

· Colombia

· Paraguay

· Canadá

· EE.UU.

“Incluir una muestra más diversa potenciará aún más nuestra capacidad para detectar, diagnosticar y tratar a personas con antepasados latinos”, dijo el Dr. Eric Storch, profesor y vice-presidente del departamento de psicología en el Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences en Baylor e investigador principal del estudio.

“Mapear los genes específicos del TOC en latinos y comparar los resultados con aquellos correspondientes a personas de ascendencia europea contribuye a tener un entendimiento más amplio y generalizado sobre el código genético del ser humano, lo cual nos ayudará a comprender y tratar a personas de cualquier ascendencia”, dijo el Dr. James Crowley, co-investigador y profesor adjunto de genética y psiquiatría de la University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Para participar en esta investigación, escribe a latinostudy@bcm.edu.

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President’s FY 2023 Budget Calls for Increased Support for Nursing Education and Research

30-Mar-2022 8:30 AM EDT, by American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)

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Newswise — WASHINGTON, DC – March 29, 2022 – President Biden has released the Administration’s Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Budget, which outlines additional investments in nursing and other key programs under the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and Department of Education, as well as a commitment to addressing many pressing issues facing the nation.

In FY 2023, the Biden Administration specifically recommends $294.972 million for Title VIII Nursing Workforce Development Programs, which reflects a $30.5 million increase over FY 2021 Omnibus levels and a $14.5 million increase over the recently passed FY 2022 Omnibus. This total includes a $25 million increase in Advanced Nursing Education to support maternal health, an additional $3.5 million for Nursing Workforce Diversity, and an increase of $2 million for the Nurse Education, Practice, Quality and Retention program to help prepare nurses in rural and underserved areas. For the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), the President proposes a total of $198.670 million in FY 2023 to support nurse scientists and researchers as they help address racial, ethnic, and socio-economic health disparities.

“Recognizing the instrumental role that nursing schools, deans, faculty, and students have in preparing the current and future nursing workforce is imperative to sustain the health of our nation,” said Dr. Cynthia McCurren, Chair of the AACN Board of Directors. “The increased funding outlined in this Administration’s budget for Title VIII Nursing Workforce Development Programs and NINR, as well as an increased focus on prioritizing mental health, is welcome news for academic nursing and a strong step forward as we begin this year’s budgetary conversations on the federal level.”

In addition to proposed increases to nursing workforce and research programs, the budget also provides $88.3 billion for the Department of Education. This funding includes increases to the maximum Pell Grant by a total of $2,175 over the 2021-2022 award year, and more equitable funding for Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs), Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs), and low-resourced institutions.

“As we work to advance priorities that are sustainable, inclusive, and innovative, we were pleased to see this budget reinforcing the importance of academic nursing,” said Dr. Deborah Trautman, AACN President and Chief Executive Officer. “Moving to a more equitable healthcare system requires smart investments in nurses and nursing students practicing in all communities, including in rural and underserved areas.”

AACN is also proud to see an ongoing focus on fighting public health challenges, including gun violence research, and additional support for mental health services. As we continue with the budgetary process, AACN remains committed to working with Congress to boldly increase critical funding for Title VIII programs and support innovative research at NINR in FY 2023 and beyond.

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The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) is the national voice for academic nursing representing more than 850 schools of nursing nationwide. AACN establishes quality standards for nursing education, influences the nursing profession to improve health care, and promotes public support of baccalaureate and graduate nursing education, research, and practice.

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